The Egyptian Collection of the National Archaeological Museum is of worldwide importance because of the wealth, quality, and rarity of its artefacts.

The large donations of Ioannis Dimitriou and Alexandros Rostovitch, two art-loving Greek expatriates in Egypt, offered to the Museum respectively in 1880 and 1904, make up the core of the collection, which was enriched further by donations from the Greek Archaeological Society, in 1894, the Egyptian government in 1893, small donations as well as archaeological finds from excavations within Greece.